An Analysis of UKs and Chinas pharmaceutical markets

The Complexity of Management - Essay Example Note that these occasions can't be explicitly forestalled, as most cases come up as unforeseen (Cummings, 2004). In accordance with this sort of intricacy's capricious nature, the results inferred burden struggle between the association and its partners, and frustrates the firm from accomplishing its corporate objectives. A straightforward issue can grow into an emergency if not appropriately oversaw, one of which can unfavorably influence the association and its activities (Bhave and Narendra, 2000). Unpredictability as Crisis Complexities as emergencies are typically realized by dangers, regardless of whether these have been recognized by the firm or not. From a corporate point of view, the weakness is that these dangers, paying little mind to its cultural, financial, physical, or innovative nature, has the chance of developing into a progressively refined and confounded structure (Bhave and Narendra, 2000).Such a reason is upheld by circumstances wherein the results of dangers wou ld not just impact a particular part of the business, because of the interrelated idea of business wherein one little detail can influence the entire tasks all in all. From this point of view, one can take note of that the impact of dangers can either be immediate or orderly, wherein the two situations present a danger to the association's business (Alavi and Leidner, 2001). The omnipresent idea of dangers in firms suggest the requirement for associations to utilize critical thinking approaches that are creative, as this would fill in as their guide in distinguishing the idea of the issue and rapidly apply the best and useful arrangement. In tending to emergency, arrangements must not be applied to fix issues incidentally, as the idea of key dynamic respects the requirement for arrangements that would deliver a drawn out suggestion. In emergencies occasions, an organization can either pay sometime. In any case, an emergency can't be quickly explained by an ideal layout intended to f ix situational occasions (Choo, 2006). In each emergency lie outer and inner elements that must be thought of, as each are touchy to the earth and the current circumstance. The assessment and execution procedure of effective measures are additionally coupled by dangers, which is the reason moderation methodologies must be deliberately defined. Note that openness is of the utmost importance in each emergency circumstance, as an open and constant correspondence with partners embodies straightforwardness and urges trust among the partners (Cummings, 2004). Through setting up trust and straightforwardness, the association would be prepared the capacity to successfully complete their moderating measures to address and deal with the emergency (Gioia and Chittipeddi, 2006). The Case of Johnson and Johnson: The Tylenol Crisis The scientist has picked the idea of multifaceted nature in corporate associations, especially Johnsons and Johnsons, with respect to the prestigious emergency concern ing Tylenol. In that light, the focal point of the investigation is the use of Crisis Management (Rehak, 2002). The analyst intends to deconstruct the Tylenol emergency, with respect to how Johnsons and Johnsons settled the issue as far as Planning, Leading, Organizing and Controlling on a Management Perspective. The center issue of Johnson and Johnson established from the spiked Tylenol items, wherein the issue has bothered and arrived at a national level because of the worries of influenced partners (Rudolph, 2000). The occurrence happened in October

It’s Better to Have Loved Then Lost Than Never Love at All Essay

Alfred, Lord Tennyson once said â€Å"Tis better to have adored and lost than never to have cherished at all†, and I concur. I believe being enamored is a piece of the excursion of life and a generally excellent encounter to have, one would lament for not having experience that. Being infatuated likewise makes you a superior individual, more joyful and more enthusiasm about existence and it’s perhaps the best inclination anybody can have. In spite of the fact that losing costs a ton of torment, one can likewise gain from that and receive something in return toward the finish of connections and learn upon that. One just gets one possibility at life so it ought to be a real existence where one can encounter all aspects of the excursion. Love is an immense piece of that experience. On the off chance that one never cherished, at that point they will be missing perhaps the greatest excursions of life and would later in their life think twice about it. Likewise, in the event that one never experience love one wouldn’t comprehend what that is, so they can’t choose for themselves in the event that it was justified, despite all the trouble for them or not. The primary character in â€Å"the long stroll to forever†, Newt, is a case of somebody who makes a decent attempt to encounter this excursion. At the point when he previously appeared, he wasn’t sure that it would turned out how he needed, however regardless of that reality he despite everything disclosed to Catharine his sentiments towards her. He proceeded to converse with her since he doesn’t need to lament for not making any move of what could be perhaps the best thing in his life. At long last, he found that she cherished him as well, a hazard worth taking. Being infatuated changes the way one see things on the planet. It causes everything to appear to be more pleasant, more joyful and better. Being infatuated will likewise makes you need to be a superior individual, for the joy they get they would likewise attempt to communicate it to others too. One would likewise do things harder, be progressively energetic and more stimulated in all that they do. In the film Benjamin button, after Daisy broke her leg and wouldn’t have the option to move, she was squashed. Be that as it may, when later she and Benjamin began to look all starry eyed at one another, her methods of seeing life changed significantly. They were consistently upbeat when they were together, and love transformed her and helped Daisy to rapidly recoup intellectually from her mishap. Losing somebody causes a ton of agony, however there are things that can be gained from it. Toward the finish of every relationship one can gain from their slip-ups and change to the better. Genuine affection is something that can stand the trial of time and regardless of whether it was lost there will at present upbeat recollections left in your heart. The story â€Å"The Skating Party† shows this consummately. In spite of the fact that the uncle, Nathan Singleton was locked in with Eunice Lathem, he really adored her sister Delia Sykes. So when he needed to settle on the decision to spare just one of them he picked the one he truly cherished, Delia Sykes. At long last after Delia moved away with her better half he wasn’t such dismal. From this experience, he realized who he truly adored and made sense of that he couldn’t change the reality, so he never got hitched. He stayed alone yet felt he had done what his heart instructed. It’s preferable to adore at that point lose over never love. Life is an excursion, and love is a major piece of it. Being infatuated change the manners in which one sees things to be shockingly better and it is probably the best inclination anybody can understanding. Indeed, even toward the finish of a relationship there are things that can be discovered that would assist one with improving. So they can gain from that, develop themselves and be significantly more joyful with life. One just gets one possibility of life so it ought to be an actual existence where one encountered all aspects of the excursion, or it will be something they will think back upon and lament for not doing as such.

SPS 022Behind the Scenes of Multiple NYT Bestsellers with Daniel Decker

SPS 022Behind the Scenes of Multiple NYT Bestsellers with Daniel Decker SPS 022:Behind the Scenes of Multiple NYT Bestsellers with Daniel Decker 3 SharesMy visitor today, is Daniel Decker. He is the CEO of Higher Level Group and a specialist at stage advancement, book propelling, and advertising for writers and speakers. He has worked with such eminent creators as Jon Gordon, Michael Hyatt, Ryan Blair, Mark Sanborn, Crystal Paine, Allison Pataki, and Tony Robbins to give some examples. On the off chance that you haven’t knew about him, you have most likely known about one of the books he has helped dispatch. We talk about his first book showcasing adventure, and how he squashed it and proceeded onward to making significantly greater dispatches and stages. We additionally talk about the significance of having a group, and how independent publishers despite everything need to get out there and hustle all alone. Daniel shares the significance of offering something of significant worth whenever attempting to discover advancement openings. He additionally shares his past victories and exercises learned en route. He discusse s stage working for speakers and creators and that's just the beginning. You can discover Daniel here:Daniel Decker Higher Level Group Daniel on Twitter @DanielDecker Daniel on LinkedIn Daniel on Instagram Show Notes [02:10] How Daniel began on the book side of things. He had an advertisement organization. His companion, Jon Gordon, composed a book and they squashed it on showcasing. [06:25] Jon had a 4-week Today Show portion with approaches to get your vitality up. Taking it national worked. [07:12] How Daniel centers around relationship capital and including esteem. He introduced as of now inquired about plans to makers which would help the maker just as themselves for advancement purposes. [12:52] If Daniel can help better the world and feed his family it is a success win. [13:33] Daniel gets enough business by referral that he doesnt truly need to showcase his administrations. [14:31] On the main dispatch the blend of everything was the key, however being on The Today Show trul y made a difference. They additionally ran a Dr. Weil advertisement. [17:44] Being a provider and meeting Michael Hyatt through his blog. He offered to increase the value of Michaels stage and demonstrated that his thoughts were acceptable. [19:03] The significance of influence and having an extraordinary presentation page rather than an AWeber structure. [24:00] Daniel accepts each customer as an individual and what their objectives are before making and consolidating the crusade. [25:38] How its harder for independently published creators to jump on the New York Times list. Presales are significant and dispersing deals among retailers. [26:54] Having a 50/50 procedure between pre-deals and dispatch promoting. [27:39] Getting key with dispatches remembering utilizing free books for the back-end. [28:59] How the NYT list isn't just founded on volume. They are emotional. [33:33] Methods for boosting offers and growing a mailing list. Utilizing things a crowd of people will see as wor th. [34:33] How individuals will in general debase their offers and how it is astounding how well it does. [34:53] The significance of having a dispatch group. [36:06] How individuals need to enable others to succeed and help spread the message. [36:40] Always offer something of significant worth when you connect. [38:22] Having a dispatch group with a thousand people. Generally, 60 to 70 percent take part. How making a dispatch group isn't messing yourself up. [40:02] Nurturing a dispatch group and requesting support and making a net addition of book deals. [41:16] Not consuming individuals out by imparting just things that should be conveyed. [42:18] Remembering that individuals are individuals and utilize your dispatch group deliberately and make certain to draw in with them. [45:50] Asking a dispatch group to peruse and study the book. Requesting audits and to purchase a duplicate. Taking the group on the excursion with you. [50:29] Partnering with noble cause and charities as a motivator to get sees and so forth [53:01] Long tail advancement methodologies incorporate characterizing who you need to be and where you need to go. Would you like to adapt the book or advance your center item? [56:19] Having your book deals followed by BookScan and measurements that distributers use to follow deals. [01:01:19] Daniels plan for utilizing a distributer for his first book and independently publishing for his subsequent book. [01:05:08] Parting guidance is to discover a distributing plan and afterward follow up on it.

Hedda Gabler Essay Research Paper In Henrik free essay sample

Hedda Gabler Essay, Research Paper In Henrik Ibsen? s 1890 show, Hedda Gabler, we meet the excellent, ruined, self-included Hedda. She is the blue young lady of the ulterior General Gabler. The full dramatization takes topographic point in one room and rotates around the dangerous conduct of one grown-up female. Hedda weds, controls and driving forces a pointless life that closes in her implosion. This implosion is an anticipated stoping for such a chilly, impartial delight as Hedda. It is the strong demonstration of a grown-up female who picks perish, over complex life. As the show closes, Hedda is trapped in a snare of decimation. She has consumed Lovberg? s original copy and enviously controlled his implosion. She altogether is liable for his inelegant expire and # 8220 ; the child # 8221 ; . Hedda may hold even pulled off her activities aside from Judge Brack. It is his instinct and his discernment that Hedda is frightful of soil, that drive her into a corner, # 8220 ; Yes, the earth? of which you are mortally apprehensive # 8221 ; ( Ibsen 70 ) . We will compose a custom article test on Hedda Gabler Essay Research Paper In Henrik or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page # 8220 ; And what choices will individuals pull from the way that you did offer it to him? # 8221 ; ( Ibsen 70 ) . Hedda sees her life going injured by Brack? s control, # 8220 ; I am in your capacity none the less. Competent to your will and your requests. A slave, a slave so! # 8221 ; ( Ibsen 71 ) . She cries, # 8220 ; No, I can non digest that! Never! # 8221 ; ( Ibsen 71 ) . Judge Brack compromised Hedda in light of the fact that it gave him power over her. Brack had for quite some time been beguiled by her magnificence and needed Hedda as his kept lady. He was energetic for the conceivable outcomes, this new relationship could make, yet he did area he would non abuse this benefit. Bei ng only a little closer was acceptable bounty for the equity. Since Hedda is a urgent bookkeeper, Brack? s proposition is threatening. On the other hand of taking this situation to add venture to her alleged stifling life, she will not acknowledge Brack? s offer. Hedda? s mentality moves the show to its predicable stoping. Hedda has hitched a dull disapproved of grown-up male who cherishes his work, â€Å"But I! How mortally exhausted I have been† ( Ibsen 43 ) . Hedda picked Tesman in light of the fact that she figured he would have the option to gracefully her with progressively financial advantages. It was a suitable activity for a grown-up female of this clasp period to pick a mate for â€Å"correctness and respectability† rather than adoration. In her boredom, she is furious she did non hold the courage to cherish Elibert Loveberg and is rapacious that Mrs. Elvsted plays such an of import work in Loveberg? s life. Presently Hedda? s life will go around an undesirabl e incubation and a coercing butt face. Consistent with her temperament, Hedda eliminates what she can non order. This clasp it is herself! While Tesman and Mrs. Elvstad start chip away at reproducing Lovberg? s original copy, Hedda goes to her resting room and â€Å"beautifully† shoots herself in the caput. Hedda Gabler? s implosion was an extraordinary demonstration of cowardliness for some grounds. She overlooked the estimation of life itself, the capacity to adjust and the courage to acknowledge the impact of her old activities. Be that as it may, most essentially, in her selfish lack of concern, she intensely submits the killing of her unborn child. Not at all like Lovberg, Hedda is dispassionate and cold in stoping her life. She simply surrenders since she sees no self-reveling ground to populate, # 8220 ; after this I will hush up. # 8221 ; ( Ibsen 71 )

Analysis of Humbert Humbert - Literature Essay Samples

The narrator and focal character of Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita, who has appointed upon himself the pseudonym Humbert Humbert, strikes the reader as one of the most despicable and unorthodox protagonists in classic literature. He embodies numerous flaws and traits that would be nearly intolerable within a human being, but which provide for a fascinating literary character. In Humbert’s narrative, his fundamental traits of self-delusion and inherent immorality are unavoidably exposed to the audience, his supposed jury, as they drive the story forward. However, in an attempt to salvage his reputation, Humbert subtly reveals another prominent trait of his: a general indecisiveness and tendency toward inaction. Nabokov establishes these chief characteristics through various literary tools, such as various forms of chance occurrence, the actions of other characters toward him, and, most importantly, Humbert’s own narrative and use of language.The most defining character istic of the novel’s protagonist is his delusional passion for Lolita and overall detachment from reality, as it is this trait that facilitates Humbert’s immoral actions and tragic ending. One of the chief aspects of Humbert’s delusional nature is his love for the idea of Lolita rather than the girl herself. Nabokov keenly exposes this truth through the skillful use of language in Humbert’s narrative. For instance, the foreword tells the reader that Humbert had altered all of the names in his story except Lolita’s, because â€Å"her first name is too closely interwound with the inmost fiber of the book to allow one to alter it† (3). Humbert also begins his narrative by describing the pronunciation of his love’s name as â€Å"the tip of the tongue taking a trip of three steps down the palate to tap, at three, on the teeth† (9). This heavy emphasis on Lolita’s name presents Humbert’s infatuation as a rather superfic ial one, which is presumably focused more on an arbitrary notion of the girl rather than the girl’s actual identity and behavior. Humbert’s delusional fascination with Lolita is shown later in the narrative when he describes his attempt to recreate one of his childhood sexual experiences with â€Å"Annabel Haze, alias Dolores Lee, alias Loleeta† (177). Once again, this playful use of names suggests that Humbert is not really concerned with Lolita as a person, but rather with his ideal conception of a â€Å"nymphet,† which both Annabel Lee and Dolores Haze seem to fit. Another aspect of Humbert’s lust-induced delusion is his inability to accept Lolita’s relative disdain toward her lover and the inevitability of her maturation out of adolescence, as exhibited primarily by Humbert’s aggressive and oppressive actions with Lolita in his custody. In the beginning of his relationship with the child, Humbert acknowledges that Lolita cannot r emain a nymphet forever, and certainly does not expect her to ever reciprocate his lust for her. Instead, he searches for more innocent and one-sided outlets of his desire, and accordingly expresses his satisfaction at having â€Å"stolen the honey of a spasm without impairing the morals of a minor,† by relieving his physical urges against her body and against her knowledge (65). However, once Humbert sleeps with Lolita and breaks the physical barrier between himself and the nymphet, he simultaneously breaks the barrier between what is reasonable and what is unreasonable within his mind. It is at this point that he expects her to love him as much as he loves her and refuses to let her disregard his affections. He becomes paranoid and jealous, refusing to allow her to mingle with other males in their travels, and persuading her to show him affection and give him sexual favors in exchange for spending money, which draws a disturbing parallel to a traditional child’s mone tary allowance. In a desperate attempt to preserve Lolita’s nymph-like qualities, Humbert threatens to take her away from the school and community that they had become a part of, refusing to believe that, in the course of two years, she could become comparable to â€Å"any vulgar untidy high-school girl who applies shared cosmetics† (216).Although the audience immediately accuses Humbert Humbert of immorality with his confession of hebephilia, Nabokov frequently displays other, possibly darker, nuances of Humbert’s immorality that establish that his wickedness is of an innate nature rather than a result of circumstances, primarily through the use of death and Humbert’s own, creative self-directed insults. Lolita, in conformation to its overall tragic nature, is plagued with death, particularly pertaining to the women in Humbert’s life. He was raised motherless, his Annabel Lee was killed before he could consummate his love for her, both of his wive s suffered untimely deaths, and his beloved Lolita died alongside her stillborn daughter. However, consistent with the theme of Humbert’s lustful delusion, none of those deaths which do not directly interfere with his carnal desires prove to be of much moral consequence to him. On the contrary, Humbert refers to his first wife’s death in childbirth as â€Å"[his] little revenge,† (32), and values the death of Lolita’s mother as a highly fortunate guarantee of his complete possession of the child. Just as the taint of death permeates the narrative, so does Humbert’s apparent sense of self-loathing. In comparison to Lolita’s fair and delicate features, for example, the narrator relates to himself as â€Å"lanky, big-boned, wooly-chested Humbert Humbert, with thick black eyebrows and a queer accent, and a cesspoolful of rotting monsters behind his slow boyish smile,† indicating the immoral desires that hide behind his seductive demeanor (46). Even if these terms of self-denunciation are designed to illicit sympathy from â€Å"the jury,† they nevertheless indicate an underlying sense of malice in Humbert’s nature. Whatever crimes Humbert has committed, and the immoralities that he possesses, it is suggested that he is not entirely to blame for his actions. This is because he possesses the quality of inaction and indecisiveness; he hardly plans out his actions with full conviction, but must be nudged toward many courses of deed. Nabokov highlights this trait with frequent references to Humbert’s evil contemplations and subsequent refusals to carry these ideas out, and the recurring role of fate throughout the narrative. Many times throughout the narrative (barring the end, of course), Humbert contemplates murder so as to meet his desires or compulsions, but decides not to so. As it is difficult for the reader to readily conclude that this is a result of moral restrictions, this is evidence that H umbert has difficulty carrying out decisive actions, and prefers to back out of them, such as when, contemplating murdering Lolita’s mother in the lake so as to ensure his possession of the girl, he addresses the reader by concluding, â€Å"simple, was it not? But what d’ye know, folks I just could not make myself do it,† indicating that it was not any practical matter but an inherent reluctance to take such a strong action that prevented him from doing so (92). Where Humbert’s own initiative fails, then, â€Å"McFate,† as labeled by the narrator, takes command. It is here, therefore that the blame of Humbert’s actions partially fall. Many of the story’s critical occurrences happen by chance, including the death of Lolita’s mother, the vacancy at the Haze’s residence which facilitated Humbert and Lolita’s meeting, and Lolita’s meeting with Quilty, who steals the child from Humbert. Therefore, Humbert is a largely inactive character and does not fully participate even in the most integral of the narrative’s actions. Humbert Humbert of Vladmir’s Lolita is a despicable, yet altogether intriguing character of classic literature. The taboo of hebephilia is portrayed artistically in this character through the peculiar and well-developed traits of inherent morality, lust-inspired self-delusion, and a tendency toward inaction and indecisiveness.

Titles for Police Brutality Essay

Titles for Police Brutality Essay Question What are some good titles for an essay on police brutality?   Answer Police brutality is a multi-faceted topic that lends itself to a number of different approaches.   Before you can determine what to title your police brutality essay, you need to narrow the focus of your essay.   We suggest that you write your title last, after figuring out the focus of your paper and writing your thesis statement.   This way you can ensure that your title is sufficiently specific to give the readers an idea of what you will be discussing in the paper. There are literally thousands of sub-topics if you are writing about the issue of police brutality.   For example, you could focus on police brutality around the world or in a specific country; examine racial issues surrounding police brutality; look at remedies for police brutality; look at police brutality and sexual abuse; or discuss the negative societal consequences of police brutality.   Once you determine your specific topic, you can come up with a title. Titles How the Fear of Police Brutality Discourages African American Males from Exercising Their Constitutional Rights Cops Who Rape: An Investigation of Officers Who Use Their Authority to Commit Sexual Assault Why Are So Few Police Officers Convicted in Cases Where There Is Video Evidence of Police Brutality? Black Lives Matter: A Community Response to Racially Disproportionate Police Brutality Does Publicizing Incidents of Police Brutality Encourage Violence Against Police Officers? Are Excessive Force and Police Brutality the Same Thing? Conclusion Before you can pick a great title for your police brutality essay, you first have to narrow the subject of your paper.   Once you have narrowed the subject and crafted a well-written thesis statement, you can use that thesis statement to guide you in writing your title.

The Cross Cultural Communication and Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2464 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Cross-cultural communication involves in any international organisation activities. In this increasing globalising world, nowadays employers have been facing challenges across time-zones, country borders and cultures. Cultural background is the main aspect that influences an individuals behaviour and perception of the world. It is the successful communication and adequate management of the cultural differences which lead an international workforce to success so as to overcome conflict and miscommunication situation against individuals across different cultures. 2.2 Communication Within Management At todays rapidly growing organisations, there are many different types of communications that effect interactions between employers and employees in small or big organisations. Management is the process to ensure business processes to be completed efficiently and effectively with and through employers and employees. Besides being successful in achieving objectives, management must also be able to work and communicate well with people to run an organisation well (Robbins, 2006, p9). There were two main reasons why communication was so important within management. First, communication is the process in which functions of management to be accomplished (Stoner, 1994, p408). Second, communication is an activity which managers dedicate major of their time to (Stoner, 1994, p.408). These two reasons show the relationship between an organisation, management and effective communication. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Cross Cultural Communication and Management" essay for you Create order 2.3 Language Barrier Daniels et al. (2009) discovered that when people from different cultures speak the same language, culture spreads more easily, and there is greater cultural homogeneity among them (Daniels et al., p104, 2009). As compared, it is more difficult for people who come from different culture areas such as Eastern Asia and Southern America, for example. Though people can use a common language such as English to communicate or understand each other through translators, misinterpretation or misunderstanding may still happen due to cross-cultural differences. Language that describes what speaker wants to say in his/her terms which may present barriers to others from different cultures as they are not familiar with his/her expressions, slant, idioms, jargon, enunciation and emphasis in sentence intonation during conversation as this makes it difficult for listeners to clearly understand what he/she was saying. Communicating in such language will become a way to outcast the others. In this gl obalizing world, the greatest challenge for one is having a sense of awareness to talk in their language of different cultures to create effective communication. (Managing Diversity: Toward a Globally Inclusive Workplace, Michalle E. Mor Barak, 2005, USA: Sage Publications, Inc) 2.4 Non-verbal Communication Barrier Sometime people communicate in some sort of ways where their intention may be misunderstood by others. For example, in non-verbal communication, V-hand sign stands for a victory symbol in many countries but in major Europe, it may be an insulting sign (Liangguang, p199, 2010). Another example, Chinese like to touch childs head to display affection, but in Arab and Thailand, it is an offensive action (Liangguang, p199, 2010). Communication can be established in many different ways. According to Albert Mehrabian, communication can be made up with different elements, words, voice, tone and non-verbal cues. Mehrabian discovered that words are 7% effective, tonality is 38% effective, and body language is 55% effective. So it proves that non-verbal communication plays a significant role in communication. Non-verbal communication, includes our body language, sends some kind of messages without words (Tyler, Kossen Ryan 2005, p. 182). There are many non-verbal theories that include enviro nment, haptics, kinesics, artefacts, proxemics, paralinguistics and physical factors. Below will be further discussions on how each one of these theories effect non-verbal communication and the various effects that age, gender and culture have on these theories. Kinesics is the study of the relationship between non-linguistic human body motion, or body language, and communication (Bordia, et al 2008, pg 346). There are many different types of body language such as different types of facial expressions that are articulated mainly with the eyebrows, mouth, forehead and eyes. Posture and gestures are also body language indicators. Kinesics is the most obvious non-verbal communication form as it includes body language like slouching of the shoulders, raised eyebrows, rolling of the eyes, an opened surprised mouth and a nod of the head. Artifacts are another form of non-verbal communication. Artifacts are the way we dress which includes the clothes we wear, our hair styles, the jew ellery we wear, the makeup we use and any facial hair we may have. Bordia, 2008, says that artifacts are the use of personal adornments and provides important non verbal cues. The way we use artifacts today, especially in the way we dress, tells people a lot about ourselves. It will establish and create the first impression we give to people when meeting them. The clothing we wear to work should reflect the nature and position of where you are employed e.g. you wouldnt wear your football game outfit to your office; you would wear a suit and tie. Another form of non-verbal communication is called haptics. Haptic communication is communication through touch. Haptics is happening around us all the time without us even realising. When you greet your mate and shake his hand or when you greet your girlfriend/boyfriend and give them a kiss or hug, these are all forms of haptics that are happening quite commonly every day. Out of all forms of non-verbal communication haptics is affected the most by culture, age and gender. In terms of culture it varies a lot all over the world how accepted and appreciated touching is. With age it is found that the younger the person the more they are found to touch. It has also been found that women will touch more than men. Most American women shave their legs and underarms and use a variety of lotions to keep their hands soft to touch (Bordia, et al 2008). This shows that haptics means a lot more to women than men. Research reveals that a hug and 10 minutes of hand holding with a romantic partner greatly reduces the harmful physical effects of stress. It appears that, because touch lowers stress hormones, such loving contact protect us throughout the day (Montagu, 1971). 2.5 Disadvantages of Culture Diversity If cross-cultural communication practice is not promoted effectively, negative effect will be posed on individuals ability to communicate with one another in an international community. In contrast with ourselves, working successfully with individuals from different cultures is difficult and change is required (Bruno, 2004). If change is not managed successfully in culture diversified organisations, productivity may be reduced. Culture diversity in work group may increase doubtfulness, complexity and confusion (White, 1999). As such, these groups will find it hard in converging meanings, reaching a single agreement and agreeing on courses of action which reflects the communication within the organisation. Without proper communication, these work groups will not be able to function properly. Communication is the key to success in understanding and solving problems in business world, especially in a group. Perceptions of time, space, and business practices can disrupt effective commu nications (Weiss, 2001). Communication barriers may overtake the groups performance in the organisation. In many organisations, diversity can produce negative dynamics such as ethnocentrism, stereotyping and cultural clashes (White, 1999). Ethnocentrism exists in the organisation when one group believes in their way of thinking and feels superior ones own ethnic group or culture. Minorities may not be valued as they should because they are seen as being inferior to the homogenous culture already established in the organisation. One may be stereotyped by the others when associating certain behaviours of one with another group. Therefore, the person is not valued for what they are as an individual but often being associated to the particular group and held responsible for that groups actions. Cultural clashes, like stereotyping, do not allow the individual proving him or herself. The disharmony between two cultures, for any reason, prohibits the individuals from different culture to f ully perform in a culturally diverse work group. Therefore, if employers are unable to manage diversity, it may detract from performance. Another disadvantage of culturally diverse work groups is intergroup conflict. Intergroup conflict can be well-managed if employers harmonise competing goals, assign power in a representative manner, affirm the identity of minority group members, and act when resources are plentiful and cultural differences are lower or well-understood (White, 1999).The biggest issue with cultural diversity in the work groups is the managers lack of knowledge of how to lead a culturally diverse work group. 2.6 Advantages of Culture Diversity On the other hand, being tangled in the cultural diversity circumstances can be beneficial if sufficient exploration is done as there will be much different view of points and experience from people who are raised differently in their own culture with variety of backgrounds rather than your own. Diversity creates a way of fuelling growth for organisation by tapping into fast-growing multicultural markets (Pellet, 2004). If managers can effectively lead culturally diverse work groups, the organisations will benefit from the advantages. There is substantial argument over diverse groups and organisations having performance advantages over homogenous groups (White, 1999). These advantages are outlined as follows: (1) attracts and retains the best available human talent, (2) better adapts to change and exhibits more organisational flexibility, (3) understands and penetrates wider and improved markets, (4) presents higher creativity and innovation, (5) presents a better problem solvin g ability. Studies show that when organisations attract, retain, and promote highest employment of people from culturally diverse backgrounds, they gain competitive advantage and maintain the highest quality of human talent. By restraining the number of diverse workers in an organisation, the organisation is also restraining range of information and resources it could attain from the culturally diverse workers. The organisations can also reach out for wider and improved markets when they have an increased understanding of the social and cultural environment of foreign countries through its culturally diverse work force. The increase in understanding can ease selling goods and services in the growingly diverse marketplace. Culturally diverse employees allow the organisations to acquire high levels of creativity and innovation. The high levels of creativity and innovation generates a greater openness to new ideas. Culturally diverse work groups can provide a broader and richer expe rience to approach a problem. According to, Charlene Nemeth, in a series of research studies, found that groups subjected to minority views are better at critically analyzing decision issues and alternatives than those that were not (Cox, 2001). These diverse organizations consist of expanded meanings, multiple perspectives, and multiple interpretations, which enables it to be more capable of avoiding the consequences of groupthink. Groupthink primarily occurs in highly organised, homogeneous groups. The members tend to lose their critical thinking and become unwilling to criticise one another (Weiss, 2001). Cultural diversity triggers flexibility in the organisation because it allows multiple ways of organising and responding to information. This variety also increases the flexibility of thought since the employees will speak two or more languages (Cox, 2001). 2.7 Training Programs To ensure the success of culturally diverse work groups, some organisations discovered that diversity training programs is necessary to remain competitive for the organisation in this rapid changing environment and managing diversity improves its competitive advantage in recruiting and retaining employees and that it increases productivity quality, creativity and morale. Diversity management workshops offer training for managers to discover what it takes to be a minority in this wide society. A multicultural board oversees the organisations diversity efforts. New minority employees will also be introduced by mentor program to the organisations culture. The organisation believes that managing diversity creates better customer service, improves its public image and boosts clients confidence and credibility. With diverse training programs, efforts to educate the organisation about the benefits can help diversity evolving from programs and initiatives to be a fundamental part of an org anisations culture (Pellet, 2004). 2.8 Summary In this literature review, we tried to discover on different theories to better understand the concept of cross-cultural communication. Translation covers only a small part of problems of working with people of other nations and cultures. Differences in cultural background may affect communication between people of different countries, and International English may be evolving a cultural style of its own. There are various aspects like verbal and nonverbal communication which we have tried to cover with an intention to have a better understanding in dealing with the specific countries that we have covered. However these are much more complex than it is possible to convey. These aspects even influence the course of communications, and can be responsible for conflict or the escalation of conflict when it leads to miscommunication or misinterpretation. A culturally-fluent approach to conflict means working overtime to understand these and other ways communication varies across culture s, and applying these understandings in order to enhance relationships across differences. In cross-cultural communication with East Asian countries, when you are dealing with people of different countries, treat people the way they want to be treated, instead of the way you think they should be. Genuine respect for their beliefs, opinions and lifestyle is essential. The key to successful communication is relationship building. The latter can only be achieved by developing an empathy with, and understanding of, the socio-cultural dynamics of different communities. Communicating with those unfamiliar to us does not come easily. The more distant and unacquainted the cultures are the greater the challenge. Therefore, good communication requires the parties to respect, show sensitivity and truly understand each others social systems. Mehrabian A, 1972, Nonverbal Communication, Chicago Aldine-Atherton. https://www1.chapman.edu/comm/comm/faculty/thobbs/com401/nonverb.html , viewe d 15 May. Stoner J, 1994, Management- Interpersonal and organisational communication, New York Robbins, S, Bergman, R, Stagg, I, Coulter, M. (2006), Management (4th ed), Frenchs Forest, NSW. Daniels, J. D., Radebaugh, L. H., Sullivan, D. P. (2009). International Business, Environments and Operations (12th ed), p90-133, p154-169, Saddle River, N.J. Pearson International Edition. Liangguang H. (2010). Cross-cultural Communication in Business Negotiations.Full Text Available. International Journal of Economics Finance, May2010, Vol. 2 Issue 2, p196-199, 4p; (AN 51360800). Database: Business Source Complete. Communication is an interpersonal process of sending and receiving symbols with messages attached to them (Schermerhorn, 2004). Schermerhorn J R, 2004, Management: An Asia-Pacific Perspective, Milton QLD Tyler, S, Kossen C Charmaine, R 2005, Communication. A foundation course, 2nd edn, Pearson Prentice Hall, Frenchs Forest, NSW. Bordia, S, Crossman, J, Bretag , T 2008, Managing Communication in Business, McGraw-Hill Australia, North Road, NSW. An especially persuasive argument is made by Ashley Montagu in touching: the human significance of the skin. New York: Harper and Row, 1971. Bruno, J. (2004). Implementing diversity in a meaningful way. American Water Works Association 96(10). Retrieved 11/27/04 from ProQuest database, TSU Library. White, R. D. (1999). Managing the Diverse Organization: The Imperative for a New Multicultural Paradigm. Public Administration Management 4(4). Retrieved 9/29/04 from https://www.pamij.com/99_4_4_white.html Weiss, Joseph W. (2001). Organizational behavior and change: managing diversity, cross-cultural dynamics, ethics. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Pub., c2001. Pellet, J. (2004). Driving Diversity. Chief Executive 198. Retrieved 11/27/04 from ProQuest database, TSU Library. Cox, Taylor. (2001). Creating the Multicultural Organization: A Strategy for Capturing the Power of Div ersity. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass-A Wiley Company, c2001.

Kudler Security Report - 8340 Words

Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Report and Presentation Security Considerations CMGT/400 Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Report and Presentation Security Considerations According to Whitman and Mattord (2010), The ISO 27000 series is one of the most widely referenced security models. Referencing ISO/IEC 27002 (17799:2005), the major process steps include: risk assessment and treatment, security policy, organization of information security, asset management, human resources security, physical and environmental security, communications and operations management, access control, information systems acquisition, development, and maintenance, information security incident management, business continuity management, and compliance†¦show more content†¦|determine the severity of | | |commitment and sets out the organizational| | |the security. | | |approach to managing information security.| | | | |Review of Informational |Whether the Information Security Policy is|The security policy |Without the review of |Each policy should be | |Security Policy |reviewed at planned intervals, or if |should be reviewed as |security policies they |reviewed periodically to | | |significant changes occur to ensure its |business practices, |will most likely become |ensure its effectiveness. | | |continuing suitability, adequacy and |hardware, software, and |out dated and lose | | | |effectiveness. |the way in which |usefulness. |Each policy owner will be | | | |information is shared | |responsible for the review | | |Whether theShow MoreRelatedKudler Fine Foods Security Report817 Words   |  4 PagesKudler Fine Foods IT Security Report Team B CMGT/400 September 10, 2012 Instructor University of Phoenix Kudler Fine Foods new frequent shopper program’s security policy will protect the confidentiality and integrity of the customer’s and the company. 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In developing a Frequent Shopper Program, Kudler ne Foods (hereby known as Johnson) will need to implement, and adhere, to strict policies and guidelines that will protect the patrons that shop at the establishments of Kudler. We can also use different modeling structures to find what kind of Frequent Shopper Program works best for Kudler. By contacting an outside agency, such as Management Science Associates, Inc., (MSA) we are able toRead Moreaudit proposal1127 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology (IT) audits. If Kudler wants the auditor to provide assurance for each part of the system, an attestation audit could be used. An attestation audit can assist Kudler by issuing reports on examinations, reviews, or agreed-upon procedures. An a ttestation audit can provide Kudler with independent assurance on the reliability or validity of information related to the four systems under review (KPMG, 2011). A Findings and Recommendations audit can provide Kudler with other information about

Women In Slavery in Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the life...

The notion of slavery, as unpleasant as it is, must nonetheless be examined to understand the hardships that were caused in the lives of enslaved African-Americans. Without a doubt, conditions that the slaves lived under could be easily described as intolerable and inhumane. As painful as the slaves treatment by the masters was, it proved to be more unbearable for the women who were enslaved. Why did the women suffer a grimmer fate as slaves? The answer lies in the readings, Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the life of a Slave Girl and Olaudah Equianos Interesting Narrative which both imply that sexual abuse, jealous mistresses, and loss of children caused the female slaves to endure a more dreadful and hard life in captivity.†¦show more content†¦Because of such gruesome occurrences as the sexual attacks, it would certainly be safe to assume that the young slave girls were not only physically hurt but also emotionally distraught. They were prone to grow into young women who felt stripped of their dignity and carried the burden of shame. Not only did young women get sexually abused at a young age, but also the abuse continued on as they matured. As the slaves got older they were forced to engage in sexual affairs with their married masters, as is seen in the case of Harriet Jacobs. This naturally caused the slaves to feel shameful, immoral, and wrongful in doing so. However, they did not have much of a choice in the matter. To make matters worse, the mistresses who were jealous that their husbands, the masters, were being unfaithful to them with the slaves. This commonly resulted in persecution of the slaves by the mistresses. Although the mistresses knew that the masters were committing wrongful acts in sexually abusing the slaves, they did not show any compassion. Instead, they were enraged. Harriet Jacobs explains the typical reaction of a mistress as she writes: The mistress, who ought to protect the helpless victim, has no other feelings towards her but those of jealousy and rage.Show MoreRelated Interpretations of Slavery Essay3734 Words   |  15 PagesInterpretations of Slavery INTRODUCTION Slavery is known to have existed as early as the 18th century B.C. during the Shang Dynasty of China. Slavery was widely practiced in many other countries, including, Korea, India, Greece, Mexico and Africa. (Britannica 288-89). When most people consider slavery, however, they think of Western slavery in North America because it is well documented and it was such a horrible institution. Even though there is no one definition of slavery, the people who studyRead MoreThe Moral Dilemma And Hypocrisy Of Slavery Essay1907 Words   |  8 PagesAbraham Lincoln gave a speech in which he addressed the moral dilemma and hypocrisy of slavery. â€Å"We cannot be free if this is, by our own national choice, to be a land of slavery.† President Lincoln’s rhetoric reflects the challenge to define freedom in America; moreover, it reflects his morality and commitment to upholding personal freedom. It justifies why he does not ignore slavery, as well as why he did not see slaves as prop erty, but as a group of humans who had been abusively denied freedom, andRead MoreEnslavement Disrupted the African’s Authentic Culture Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica as slaves. As a result, their authentic cultures were drastically changed from the way of life in their native Africa to life in the plantation society of the Americas. In this essay, I will attempt to show how the conditions of enslavement disrupted all dimensions of the African’s authentic culture. To aid in my analysis, I will be using the â€Å"Reid Culture Conflict Model† as a guide and also drawing upon the works of Olaudah Equiano, Venture Smith, Frederick Douglas, Harriet Jacobs, andRead MoreThe Plight of The African Slave Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Slavery was one of the darkest periods in African American history. Africans were taken from their homes in West Africa and brought to America to work on plantations. However, slavery was not something new as it existed in Africa before Europeans partook in it, but slavery in Africa was very different from slavery in America. During their voyage through the Middle Passage many slaves perished. Those who survived were sold and subjected to the harsh life on the plantations. When

A Brief Note On The And Effective Method By Employers For...

How To Win In An Interview. Nicholas Negron A one on one interview is the most used and effective method by employers for employee selection, but how can one be effective and successful during an interview? I have heard repeatedly from my supervisors that all a person needs is 5 minutes to form their own opinion of you; with that being said, your initial presentation of yourself, visually and verbally can stop you from being successful before the actual interview begins. You have to be able to understand what the employer is looking for, and you need to present your case of why would you be an asset to the prospective employer. It all amounts to how well you can sell yourself; in the next few paragraphs, I will discuss a few steps in which you can also reference as a checklist on how to win in an interview. â€Å"If you’re on time you’re late and if you’re early you’re on time.†; I’m pretty sure most of you have heard this saying at least one time in your life, if not you might want to write that down as it may come of some use in the future. Punctuality is the key to success, if you just show up on time for an interview, or actually have the audacity to show up late, what does that say to your potential employer about yourself or your work ethic? As I stated earlier, first impressions can be everlasting, by showing up early the employer might or might not notice, but if he/she does that person might be impressed for the reason as that shows your sense of urgency and howShow MoreRelatedAn Organization Of Values Diversity1656 Words   |  7 Pagesplanning are factors such as recession, to ensure an organisation continues to run efficiently and effectively during the recession, an organisation may introduce a recruitment freeze, meaning that employers may use current employees for roles they are not necessarily experienced in, resulting in an employee feeling overloaded causing employees to seek further employment. How a company is portrayed by the media can affect talent planning, attracting candidates can become difficult due to people notRead More3rto Resourcing Talent Essay5855 Words   |  24 Pages| |CRITERIA |MET/ NOT YET MET |COMMENTS | |LO1: Be able to explain the factors that affect an organisation’s talent planning, recruitment and selection policy (Activity 1) | |Explain the organisational benefits of a diverse | | | |workforce. | | Read MoreHr Policy Manual1626 Words   |  7 Pagessupervisors and employees and applies to staff across all locations where the Company carries out its work. The specific policies that follow promote the philosophy of with regard to standards of excellence; terms of employment; employee development; and employee services. It may is necessary to change these policies from time to time to reflect changes in the workforce, employment trends, economic conditions and UK and European legislation. 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This may require the organization to source talent from different regions of the world as well. Staff Replacement: This is most likely to happen either because an existing employee is leaving the organization or is being promoted/transferred to a new role within the organization. In both cases the intention would be to find and recruit a similar talent that can take over the vacant job role without causing much disruption toRead MoreMba Final Hr Recuitment Project10109 Words   |  41 PagesPROCESS OF RECRUITMENT SELECTION AT HCL SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Today, in every organisation personnel planning as an activity is necessary. It is an important part of an organisation. Human Resource Planning is a vital ingredient for the success of the organisation in the long run. 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They also handle human resources management in a effective manner and conduct interviews and recruit teachers for appropriate departments. Academic Director: Qualifications; †¢ 5 years experience in college academic advising †¢ Small liberal arts college experience †¢ Master degree in counselling ,student

Human Freedom free essay sample

For example, deportation is not an act of human freedom. This means to me that only U. S. citizens have freedom. Even the U. S. conforms a certain amount of control on people. Cell phones and computers have become a tracking device to watch our every action. In another article, the definition of human freedom is said to â€Å"vary in every culture and political ideology†. It also says â€Å"they have no right to say which one these definitions are correct,† from â€Å"Freedom and the Human Being† by Fabio Fermi. I totally agree that each culture’s social freedom is very different. The U. S. has the â€Å"Declaration of Independence† to define human freedom. Further us, the human race and society, conforms how much human freedom each person deserves or earns. Social categories that may/are affected by human freedom are Employment status, wealth, marital status, education level of adults and many others. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Freedom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Employment statuses are affected in numerous ways. Human freedom allows an employee to speak one’s mind, whether good or bad. This trait of freedom of speech may change the employee’s employment status either way. Some companies like a free spirit, and others just want you to be a robot and just work with no opinions against the companies’. The wealthy category is affected almost the same ways, individualism and opinionated responses may make or break your financial growth. Marital statuses may be affected in the way we are able to choose who we marry. Giving adults human freedom also pays a toll on their continued education. Since in this day in time college is a luxury, many adults have chosen to go straight to work to make a living and put school on the back burner. I believe human freedom has been the best and the worst all at the sometime. The weaker minded have a hard time taking advantage of making their own decisions based on their own individual thoughts and judgment. Also those that are determined to make the â€Å"right† decisions throughout life, make it hard for any person to learn from human error due to free will. In Karl Marx excerpt on evolution he says, â€Å"Concerned ultimately with human freedom, reviving the ancient concept of communism, wherein human beings could fulfill the cooperative roles within society without fear of exploitation. Believe he means we can now have no fear of losing social status for speaking our minds and doing, not what society expects, but what we need/want to do. These growths in human freedom have shocked the older generations, they are not as open to change and evolution as our generations is. In the early 1900’s woman were not expected to speak their mind on issues of any importance, that way left for the â€Å"more important Man†. Now it is considered sexist not to include at least on woman on every board of decisions. Most companies must now employ a certain percentage of women, elderly and African Americans to meet the criteria for equal rights and opportunity laws. I think women and African Americans were the two categories that have had the most noticeable change over the past hundred years. I am so proud of the growth as a human race, since I was growing up. Though human freedom exists, Society conformity has blocked some of the freedom part. Our society has become so concerned with how others see them that they are not using the freedoms that so many before us fought to have. We seem to think that freedom just exists and don’t bother ourselves with the how and why behind human freedom. If we can take more time to appreciate what our parents and grandparents fought for, I feel me would more value the freedoms we have now. Some of them are: Freedom of speech, press and sexuality. Along with us looking back to remember, the older generations need to look forwards and loose the â€Å"old school† ways. If these two improvements for the respect of human freedom are taken care of, our society would get along better within the different classes and statuses, rather than excluding individuals due to their title, as they have or many years before us. References *Berkouwerr, G. C. (1962).

Leadership and Awareness of the Issues

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Management Demonstrating Critical Awareness of the Issues Involved. Answer: Introduction Leadership is the essential part of organizations as it allows them to guide and lead other subordinates so that they can collaboratively accomplish their job responsibility to fulfill the organizational objectives. Cunha et al. (2016) in this case depicts that an effective leader understand the various approaches to leadership so that they can utilize right approach according to the raised situation. The success or the performance standard of the companies depends on the leadership capabilities of the management (Mills and McKimm 2016). There are several theories available, which help to attain understanding regarding the leadership in a business organization- contingency leadership theory, situational leadership theory, trait theory and others based on which leader not only manages their people but also attain business goals by fulfilling all the business cultures (Shao, Feng and Hu 2016). Offord et al. (2016) states that according to the trait theory, it is believed that leadersar e born and they possess the correct qualities that best suited toleadership; however, Cunha et al. (2016) argues that in contemporary condition, business aspect cannot be predicted beforehand and thus, a leader should be efficient enough to utilize their skills and competencies to guide their subordinates. The prime objective of this assessment is to emphasize on the argumentative comparison between the trait theory and contingency theories of leadership that will be supported with their application in the workplace. The scope of this assessment is to evaluate that irrespective of the fact that contingency theory provides flexibility in the leadership skills, trait theory is more important for the leader in the organization. Furthermore, the assessment also comprise of the advantages of both the contingency and trait theories by identifying which theory is better for the advancement of the organization. Moreover, critical issues faced by leaders will also be illustrated so that evidence can be represented for the conclusion drawn at the end. Roles and duties of a leader The success of the companies depends on the selection of leadership styles. The primary expectation of leadership is motivating the employees to achieve business goal through innovation and integrity (Zhang et al. 2017). At the present business world, leadership play vital role at the workplace. The leader of an organization is liable to develop appropriate strategies that can help other subordinates to achieve the business goals efficiently (Offord, Gill and Kendal 2016). At the same time, the leaders must be innovative enough, so that they can create a distinctive nature of the company, which attracts the customers towards the brand. Moreover, their role is to provide necessary training if any employees lacks their competencies and provide feedback regularly to them so that they can improve their performance. Sturm, Vera and Crossan (2016) also stated that communicate clear instructions to team members and monitor team members' participation are also two of the most essential roles of a leader in an organization. Analyzing whether the contingency theories of leadership, or trait theories of leadership are more useful for leaders in organizations The contingency theorists believe that there is no particular style of leadership; it depends on the behaviors and the capacities of the sub-ordinates in different situations (Yang and Lim 2016). Thus, the leaders must change their leadership styles as per the needs of the situations and sub-ordinates. Contingency theories include different theories related to leadership and among all the contingency theories, two theories are most important and these are Vroom-Jago Contingency and Situational theory. The Vroom-Jago Contingency guides the leaders during the decision making process. This particular theory mainly considers three decision making parameters and these are commitment, quality and time schedule. This leadership style majorly emphasizes on the autocratic, consultative and collaborative leadership style (Sturm, Vera and Crossan 2016). The autocratic leadership style helps the leader to make the decision bythemselves and consult the group members to gain more information before a decision is made. Moreover, Schaumberg and Flynn (2016) highlighted that the consultative trait in the leader help the leader to consult individuals or group to seek their opinion regarding their taken decision and also help their subordinates in taking effective decisions. The collaborative trait helps these leaders to work as a group for attaining business goals. The major advantage of this theory is the flexibility and it makes decision making process easier for the leaders. Another important c ontingency theory is the situational theory and it stated that the leadership style depends on the situation of every individual and so there is no leadership style, which can be considered as the best style. The Situational theory of leadership focuses mainly on four elements or factors and these are telling, selling, participating and delegation (Schaumberg and Flynn 2016). The situational leadership theory is very helpful for setting the right goal for a particular team. On the other side, the trait theory of leadership indicates the personality traits that make the leaders different from their sub-ordinates. At the same time, the trait theory of leadership also believes that the personality traits of the leaders are in born not earned or made (Offord, Gill and Kendal 2016). If the current business context is considered, then it can be said that these contingency or trait theories of leadership are very useful for the business organizations. Advantages of contingency and trait theories Contingency theory Advantages Rahman (2016) noted that the contingency theories help the leaders or managers understanding the specific leadership style in different situations. Following the contingency theories, the leaders can easily avoid the wrong leadership styles and decisions. This means, the contingency theories improve the analytical skills of the leaders. Neubert, Hunter and Tolentino (2016) stated that the contingency theories are very helpful for building better relationship between the management and employees. Therefore, the scope of employees-management misunderstandings gets reduced. At the same time, Jansen et al. (2016) mentioned that in the current dynamic business world, understanding the needs of the employees and maintaining better relationship between the employees and management are very important and this can be done by using the contingency theories. Neubert, Hunter and Tolentino (2016) stated that the contingency theories of leadership are more useful at todays context because it enhan ces the leadership capabilities of leaders. Trait theory Advantages Trait theory comprises of three aspects- human abilities, personal traits and motivators (Zhang et al. 2017). Image 1: Different aspects of trait theory (Source: Zhang et al. 2017) Crossan (2016) depicts that from abilities, the supervising ability, intelligence and new initiative taken by them are considered. Personal traits however reveals nature like decisiveness, maturity and self-assurance that provide ability in leader to guide their subordinates. Lastly, Cherry (2014) stated that in order to make the leadership traits effective, presence of motivators plays a crucial role like attainment of power, recognition, self-actualization and job security. As per the trait theory, these personality traits are in born gift to some individuals. Some of these exceptional personality traits are honesty, integrity, knowledge regarding the business, achievement will, motivational power, cognitive ability, self-confidence and emotional maturity (Schaumberg and Flynn 2016). According to Klotz and Neubaum (2016), in the current business context, the trait theory of leadership is very important to the business organizations. In this context, Sturm, Vera and Crossan (2016) stated that trait theory helps the higher management identifying the most suitable candidate at the time of recruiting for any higher position. On the other side, Alipour, Mohammed and Martinez (2017) noted that the Trait theory helps the higher management verifying and understanding the capability of a future leader. As this theory indicates the specific personality traits of a leader, the management can easily analyze those personality traits of the individuals before considering or recruiting them as leaders (Schaumberg and Flynn 2016). At the same time, Klotz and Neubaum (2016) mentioned that the Trait theory provides certain benchmarks, which are very useful for the company while identifying the proper leader for their organizations. Identifying which theory is better If the analysis of both of the leadership theories that are the contingency theory and trait theory are considered then it can be seen that both the theories are useful and have some flaws. However, if the comparison is made between the contingency theories and trait theory, then it can be said that contingency theories provide more flexibility to the leaders during the process of leadership (Zhang et al. 2017). On the other side, trait theory does not provide much flexibility to the leaders in leadership. In case of identifying the proper leader for the organization, the trait theory is more useful than the contingency theories. Trait theory provides the knowledge about the essential personality traits of a leader, which are not available in the contingency theories of leadership ((Magnusen and Perrewe 2016).). Following the trait theory, the management in the organization can easily understand who can lead their people in a better way (Tal and Gordon 2016). The management can easily verify the qualities of the leaders based on the trait theory. This indicates that the trait theory provides the definite list of personality traits of the leaders that can guide the managements identifying the best leader for their organizations. On the other side, in the comparison between the trait and contingency theories of leadership it can be identified that trait theory is highly concern about the outcome of the leadership style, but the contingency theories are not that much concern about the out come of the leadership style (Sturm, Vera and Crossan 2016). Contingency theories suggest changing the leadership style based on the change of the situations, but sometimes frequent changes in the leadership style can confuse the employees or team members. However, the trait theory is very specific and do not create any confusion to the employees or subordinates. In this context, Cunha et al. (2016) noted that in this ever changing business world, no specific style of leadership can be followed. Klotz and Neubaum (2016) moreover stated that as the business world is ever changing, it is very important for the business organizations to have the leaders, who have the proper qualities of leadership. These qualities can only be understood with the help of trait theories. Therefore, it can be said that in todays context, contingency theories and trait theory both are important to the business organizations. Critical issues faced by leaders Cunha et al. (2016) argued that following the contingency theories of leadership is not possible in all situations because sometimes the organizations or leaders do not have much time to understand the behavior first and then take decision. This means, in the emergency situations, the contingency theories are not helpful but on the other side, Cannatelli et al. (2016) argued that the contingency theory may create confusion in the minds of the leaders as it becomes difficult for them setting the strategies and taking different decision for different situation. Yang and Lim (2016) noted that the performance of the employees can be improved by providing them the comfort working zone. It is the duty of the leaders making the comfort zone for the employees or sub-ordinates through proper leadership. In this context, Mills and McKimm (2016) stated that in a business organization, different types of employees work together and it can be noticed sometimes that if a leader tries to satisfy the needs of the employees, some employees become highly satisfied or motivated but others are dissatisfied. In this type of situation, the contingency theories of leadership are not effective enough to handle the employees. Furthermore, Higgs and Dulewicz (2016) argued that the trait theory of leadership provides the subjective judgment at the time of identifying a leader. For example, at the time of recruitment, one member of the interview panel considers a particular candidate as honest, but at the same time, the other persons in the interview panel may think that the candidate is not honest. This means, the Trait theory may create confusions at the time of selection of a leader (Hogan and Foster 2017). At the same time, Tal and Gordon (2016) portrays that it is not completely true that the personality traits of the leaders are in-born, sometimes; the people can grow up these traits within themselves through knowledge and practices. In support of this Higgs and Dulewicz (2016) stated that honesty can be in-born trait of an individual, but knowledge about the business can be taken from the outside world and most of situations, people gain the knowledge about the business through personal experience. Therefore, it can be said that the personality traits of the leaders are in-born is partially true. Conclusion Insights Thus, it is concluded that contingency theory needs continuous development and adoption of traits with the changing situation; while trait theory help leaders to assess every situation with their intellect and leadership traits. However, in contemporary organization, leaders prefer to apply contingency theory but the trait theory can also be improvised with the application of behavioral aspects. Thus, behavioral theory should be implemented by leader in order to enhance their existing traits for better organizational outcome through employee performances. Value of other theories In this assessment it is shown that trait theory is more important than contingency theory, other form of leadership styles are there that can contribute in the betterment of the organization. Apart from the trait and contingency theory other leadership role that can enhance organizations productivity are style and behavioral theory of leadership. The style approach comprises of two general kind of style that a leader possesses- task-oriented behaviour and relationship-oriented behaviours.Facilitating goal accomplishment and help group members so that they can attain organizational objectives effectively is the major concerned of task-oriented leadership style; whereas helping subordinates to make them feel comfortable with the job roles and situation is the central propose of relationship oriented behavioral style. On the other hand, behavioral theory signifies that leadership requires a strong personality along with a well-developed positive ego. These leaders have traits like- dir ective, supportive, achievement oriented and participative behavioral aspects. Implications Thus it can be said that the trait theory also resembles to the behavioral theory as it defines the basic nature in a leader. Directive behaviour informs employees regarding the expectation of the organization and then gives specific guidance; whereas, due to supportive behaviour, leader can show concern for their subordinates and their needs. Achievement orientation in leadership resembles the provision of challenging role so that competencies of an employee can be found. Lastly, participative behaviour helps leader to take feedback from them regarding the working procedure and its effectiveness. All the traits enhance the trait theory of leadership. References Alipour, K.K., Mohammed, S. and Martinez, P.N., 2017. Incorporating temporality into implicit leadership and followership theories: Exploring inconsistencies between time-based expectations and actual behaviors.The Leadership Quarterly. Cannatelli, B., Smith, B., Giudici, A., Jones, J. and Conger, M., 2016. An Expanded Model of Distributed Leadership in Organizational Knowledge Creation.Long Range Planning. Cherry, K., 2014. Trait Theory of Personality: The Trait Approach to Personality.Reviewed,19, p.2014. Cunha, M.P.E., Fortes, A., Gomes, E., Rego, A. and Rodrigues, F., 2016. Ambidextrous leadership, paradox and contingency: evidence from Angola.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, pp.1-26. Higgs, M. and Dulewicz, V., 2016. Developments in leadership thinking. InLeading with Emotional Intelligence(pp. 75-103). Springer International Publishing. Hogan, R. and Foster, J., 2017. Two further problems with Trait Theory.International Journal of Personality Psychology,3(1), pp.23-25. Jansen, J.J., Kostopoulos, K.C., Mihalache, O.R. and Papalexandris, A., 2016. A Socio?Psychological Perspective on Team Ambidexterity: The Contingency Role of Supportive Leadership Behaviours.Journal of Management Studies. Klotz, A.C. and Neubaum, D.O., 2016. Research on the dark side of personality traits in entrepreneurship: observations from an organizational behavior perspective.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,40(1), pp.7-17. Magnusen, M. and Perrew, P.L., 2016. The Role of Social Effectiveness in Leadership: A Critical Review and Lessons for Sport Management.Sport Management Education Journal,10(1), pp.64-77. Mills, J. and McKimm, J., 2016. Contingency theories of leadership: how might we use them in clinical practice?.British journal of hospital medicine (London, England: 2005),77(5), p.268. Neubert, M.J., Hunter, E.M. and Tolentino, R.C., 2016. A servant leader and their stakeholders: When does organizational structure enhance a leader's influence?.The Leadership Quarterly,27(6), pp.896-910. Offord, M., Gill, R. and Kendal, J., 2016. Leadership between decks: a synthesis and development of engagement and resistance theories of leadership based on evidence from practice in Royal Navy warships.Leadership Organization Development Journal,37(2), pp.289-304. Rahman, M.M., 2016. Leadership. Analysis of Trait, Behaviour, and Contingency Theories. Schaumberg, R.L. and Flynn, F., 2016. Self-reliance: A Gender Perspective on its Relationship to Communality and Leadership Evaluations.Academy of Management Journal, pp.amj-2015. Shao, Z., Feng, Y. and Hu, Q., 2016. Effectiveness of top management support in enterprise systems success: a contingency perspective of fit between leadership style and system life-cycle.European Journal of Information Systems,25(2), pp.131-153. Sturm, R.E., Vera, D. and Crossan, M., 2016. The entanglement of leader character and leader competence and its impact on performance.The Leadership Quarterly. Tal, D. and Gordon, A., 2016. Leadership of the present, current theories of multiple involvements: a bibliometric analysis.Scientometrics,107(1), pp.259-269. Yang, L.C. and Lim, V., 2016. Empirical Investigation into the Path-Goal Leadership Theory in the Central Bank Fraternity: Leadership Styles and Job Satisfaction.South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre Working Papers. Zhang, H., Ou, A.Y., Tsui, A.S. and Wang, H., 2017. CEO humility, narcissism and firm innovation: A paradox perspective on CEO traits.The Leadership Quarterly.

Pumpkin Patch Business

Introduction The purpose of this case study is to consider the external and internal environments, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, core competencies, and future strategies of Pumpkin Patch.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pumpkin Patch Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Company Overview According to Pumpkin Patch (2010), Pumpkin Patch is a New Zealand based corporation- it is Australasia’s largest kids wear business with its operations in UK, US, NZ, and Australia; together with its subsidiaries, the group specializes in designing, advertising, retailing and wholesaling of kid’s wears. The business possesses five operating divisions that consist of four geological areas where its retail chain operates and one wholesale or direct division consecutively in UK, US, Australia, and NZ; its subsidiaries comprises Pumpkin Patch LLC, Torquay Enterprises Ltd, Pumpkin Patch Originals Ltd , Pumpkin Patch (Australia) Pty Ltd, Pumpkin Patch Ltd, Pumpkin Patch Wholesale LLC and Pumpkin Patch Direct Ltd. As part of its business strategy, in June 2009, Pumpkin Patch restructured thirty-five retail shops in the US that ran below Pumpkin Patch LLC and closed-up fifteen other shops. Analysing the external environment of Pumpkin Patch Demographic Pumpkin Patch is a New Zealand-based business with its operations in Australia, UK, and US as well; New Zealand has a total population of 4,213,418 from where the Pacific population now build-up 6.9 % of the total NZ population. Multiple ethnicities are most common among younger Pacific populace and the average age of the NZ-born Pacific group is 13 years contrasted to 39 years for the overseas-born; The Pacific group as a whole has a greatly younger age composition than the total population, which means that the target customers (kids) of Pumpkin Patch is higher.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conversely, Australia has a population of 22,451,601m, and the population has five unlike quintiles of gross household-income per week starting from AU$ 319 to AU$ 1096 weekly; generally, more than 90 percent of Australian citizens represented the middle-income class. Economic The 2010 fiscal year substantiated to be rather complicated for the company because of the continuance of the recessionary affect that the company faced in 2008 to 2009 period creating difficult general retail environments for all of its trading entities. As per Yahoo Finance (2010), during this time, the share prices of the company faced a sudden slump as shown in the figure below: Figure: Basic Chart of Pumpkin Patch Ltd (PPL.NZ) for 2006 to 2010 Source: Yahoo Finance (2010) In spite of these tough situations, Pumpkin Patch engendered a quite remarkable development in income and sustained to expand the Pumpkin Patch brand in its twenty- two markets; the result reflects the strength of the Pumpkin Patch brand and the quality of the teams it has around the world. Political/legal The political conditions of both New Zealand and Australia are quite stable and the governments of both the countries try to afford the highest business friendly environment to all its industries with a view to raise the GNP; most importantly, the government of New Zealand always encourage and assist the growth of the local and international NZ companies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pumpkin Patch Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, despite of a few number of problems due to lawful barriers such as environmental and labour legislations, the market of the US and UK generates enough revenues as well. Socio-cultural The Pumpkin Patch Company is committed to ensure the highest level of satisfaction to all its stakeholders, including its employees a nd the local communities. It believes that it is socially responsible to reduce its adverse affects in the environment by introducing more and more eco-friendly production procedures. It also induces its shareholders, partners, suppliers, and other associates to care and to stay beside the neighbouring communities. It possesses a formal Code of Conduct and Ethics Policy that gives a direction to every single subsidiary about the type of culture that the group promotes in order to comply with the environmental laws. Technological The company believes that in this rapidly changing competitive world it needs to adapt the latest technological infrastructure to gain competitive advantage. Therefore, its IT department constantly works for ensuring the greatest technological assistance. Moreover, it is imperative to note that the company has hi-tech instruments that help it in rapid production. Core competencies Management and People– the company possess an extremely efficient top management that has amazing administrative skills for controlling such a large business like Pumpkin Patch. It employees are very specialized in the production of the kids’ outfits. Promotion- it has special promotional packages that includes discount-vouchers, Pumpkin Patch promotional-codes, money-off coupon codes for great discounts, and many other packages for customers. Fashion Designing- additionally, its key competency is its expert team of fashion designers who are indeed very creative and imaginative in the designing works. Product Offerings- it is noteworthy that most of clothes that the company offers are simple, light coloured, and of pure cotton. This competency helps the company because children more often like to wear comfortable dresses in sunny weather. However, it also offers bright-coloured and gorgeous dresses as well. Retail Outlets– its retail outlets are located near busy streets so that more customers can keep visiting the stores. The decoration of the outlets are eye-catching that attracts the customer too. Pricing- because the company offers dresses at relatively cheaper prices than its competitors, the pricing of the products is its core competency. This induces the customers to be loyal and to stop the switching costs. Industry Analysis In the clothing industry, the barriers to entry are relatively high because of the requirement of a huge sum of money to start the business with; apart from that, efficient production staffs and creative fashion designers are essential to sustain in the competitive market, which are very scarce too. It will be tough for the new entrants to sustain because the production expenses of the clothes are high and the resources, technologies, and machineries required in operations are most of the time unavailable. Although, there are many competitors in the industry, companies specialising in kids’ wear are very few; therefore, there are few competitors providing direct substitutes.Adve rtising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The bargaining power of the buyers is moderate and the switching costs are slightly high. Conversely, the presence of numerous suppliers in this industry means that their bargaining powers are low; nevertheless, suppliers of fashionable brands are inadequate denoting high threat. SWOT analysis of Pumpkin Patch Strengths Pumpkin Patch has outstanding brand awareness and quality image, which helps the company to increase its profit day-by-day. The experience, dynamic and efficient designers always show their creativity; According to the annual report 2010, the Board of Directors are responsible for ensuring that the Company and Group is properly managed to improve and protect the rights of shareholders; It offers quality products with reasonable price; In spite of these challenge of global financial downturn, it generated a very significant development in income and continued to grow the Pumpkin Patch brand in its 22 markets. Weaknesses Slow growth rate in the US retail market and wholesale market; Rapid change of fashion trends and customer’s mind to select children cloths; Fluctuation of market share price in stock market; Employees’ right is not protected under Fair Work Act 2009; Pumpkin Patch spend relatively low budget for market research and promotional activities. Opportunities Pumpkin Patch has Strong capital and resources for further expansion, for example, it has already launch of its new brand Charlie Me; It has the opportunity to offer quick customer service with high satisfaction; Scope to increase customer base; In addition, it has opportunity to enter a number of new wholesale markets with new brand (Charlie Me) or existing brand; Pumpkin Patch (2010) reported that it is well positioned to take advantage of growth opportunities across all of its markets. Threats Competitors are the major factors for the company, such as, Wall-mart and Marks Spencer are the largest competitor of Pumpkin Patch; Though the company is not affe cted by the financial meltdown but still global economic down turns creates some uncertainty on future expenditure of the customer. Competitors Bowden stated that in 2004 global apparel sales were around US$768 billion and the US clothing market was worth US$172.8 billion, which demonstrates that it is a moderate size industry. The company has business operation in the US market, New Zealand, Australia, and the UK market; as a result, the company has to face both direct and indirect competitors from the different business location either from department stores or from discounters like Marks Spencer and Wal-Mart. Bowden also pointed out that the 2nd biggest class of rivals was made up of specialty clothing retailers who had a children’s segment, for instance, GAP in the UK market. However, this company has opened few other departmental stores for bread and breakfast segment but failed to generate expected profit; so it concentrated more on the discount retailer segment in Ne w Zealand market and faced huge competition with Kmart and Farmers. On the other hand, the closest competitors JK had 24 stores around New Zealand including 2 outlet stores, and other rival Esperit had children segment, which were also the great threat to Pumpkin Patch as their target customer was almost similar. However, Australia was the single largest market for Pumpkin Patch as it had at least 100 stores in this arena but it has to face huge competition in this market from discount retailers, for example, Target, Big W, and Kmart, which aggregate sales were A$13.24bn. Here, it is important to mention that the competitors in Australian market mainly target medium and low income people along with acceptable quality and reasonable prices; as a result, they earned more from previous years in global financial crisis. However, the competition in the UK market and the US market are comparatively less than Australia though Wal-Mart, and GAP represent a high threat for Pumpkin Patch by h olding 9.4% share and 31.4% market share gradually. Analysis the Internal Environment The internal environment has been influenced by number of aspects, which present in the external environment and the industry itself. These factors have impacted the business operation of Pumpkin Patch by number of ways. Tangible Resources of Pumpkin Patch Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson (2001) stated that according to the resource- based hypothesis, multinational organizations should have six types of resources. Financial resources- Despite global financial crisis, the financial position of the company is in stable position, though the share price decreased for a short time and Pumpkin Patch has failed to reach expected level in terms of target sales in the UK market. From the subsequent table, it can assume the financial condition of the company – Variables 2010 NZ $000 2009 NZ $000 Total equity 80,867 88,678 Capital Expenditure 13,379 11,796 Total assets 178,589 188,189 Earning Before Interest and Tax 25,502 14,522 Total stores 227 218 Turnover AU 157,056 166,398 Turnover NZ 198,276 203,426 Turnover GB  £000 23,636 22,520 Table: Financial resources of Pumpkin Patch Source: Self generated from Pumpkin Patch (2010) Physical resources: This includes constructions, property, equipment, furniture, and leasehold improvements, machines, and fixtures, number of outlets, stores, and departments to serve the present business purpose. However, the following figure shows the number of stores in four different locations – Figure: Number of Store Source: Pumpkin Patch (2010, p.4) Intellectual and human resources: – The Company has more than 3,000 efficient employees, who are responsible for designing the dresses, maintaining the daily operation, planning, controlling, and distributing systems. Technological resources: – The technological resources of Pumpkin Patch are outstanding because technology plays a vital role from design to distribut ion, for example, designer of this company always use modern IT technology to upgrade their design. Capabilities According to the Johnson, Seholes Whittington (2006), knowledge of the employees, RD, and marketing advertising are the key capabilities; however, the following flow-chart shows the capabilities of the company – Figure 3: Capabilities of Pumpkin Patch Source: Self generated from Johnson, Seholes Whittington (2006) The designers of Pumpkin Patch has capability to develop their design by using their creativity; The well trained and experienced employees have capability by manufacturing quality products; It has capability to develop new brands or industry trend; It has customer database of almost 900000 across Australia, and New Zealand 200000 Pumpkin Patch has capability to compete with multinational firm in such global business environment; It has enough financial capabilities to expand its business outside of its selected four areas. Current Strategy There are many strategies that the company is undertaking currently, which include growth strategy and diversification strategy; according to the Pumpkin Patch (2010), the company has already planned to grow the Pumpkin Patch brand in its 22 markets. Additionally, in order to reach its strategy of global expansion, it will need to compete globally for which it undertook the strategy to advance its technological infrastructure through the Microsoft ® Windows ServerTM 2003 and Exchange Server 2003 with Active Directory ® as the system that could meet the scalability demands of a high growth business. Microsoft Technology is helping Pumpkin Patch appreciate its strategic vision and employees of the business are enjoying flexibility in their workplace whilst preserving cost effectiveness; this has also helped the company to increase productivity by the IT team who have reduced their everyday management challenges. Strategies for the future As Pumpkin Patch is experiencing rapid improvement in Australian market, it will follow brand extension or growth strategy to carry out business in this market. In addition, it will try to offer products with competitive price like JK, and Kmart by reducing its operating and manufacturing costs; As it is operating and distributing products in Australia, the United States, New Zealand, it should concentrate on outside of these existing market and it can capture the other part of European market, the Middle East, South Africa and Asia; It will increase its promotional activities as it helps the company to raise market demand; The target of the company for next five years will be crucial to develop and sustain competitive market, build brand awareness, and international expansion; therefore, it will reduce the price of the products to target middle class customer to high income level customers; As it has no online purchasing facilities available in its web sites, it will develop its e-retailing system for further growth and it will obv iously contribute to attract existing customers as well as new customers; Considering the present strategies and market environment, it can design various types of co- operative strategies like – it can combine the resources, capabilities, and core competencies with other similar companies for achieving mutual interest by applying joint venture, licensing agreement, merger, and takeover. Conclusion Today, Pumpkin Patch is indeed a very successful business with its operations in many parts of the world; its markets outside of New Zealand have achieved tremendous support and appreciation from the global customers. Although the financial downturn had severe affects over the company and its share prices, it is now reviving back to raise the prices. In this context, it has planned to expand its markets outside of NZ, Australia, US, and UK with a vision to be a global market leader in this industry. Reference List Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Hoskisson, R. E. (2001) Strategic Man agement. 4th ed. South-Western Thomson Learning. Johnson, G. Seholes, K. Whittington, R. (2006) Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text Cases. 8th ed. London: FT Prentrice Hall. Pumpkin Patch (2010) Annual report 2010 of Pumpkin Patch Ltd. Web. Pumpkin Patch (2010) our company. Web. Yahoo Finance (2010) Basic Chart of Pumpkin Patch Ltd (PPL.NZ) for 2006 to 2010. Web. 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